Effect of cytoplasmic male sterility cms on panicle. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms and nucleuscontrolled fertility restoration are widespread plant reproductive features that provide useful tools to exploit heterosis in crops. Mapping fertilityrestoring genes of rice wa cytoplasmic male sterility using sslp markers 169 3. Usually the cytoplasm of zygote comes primarily from the eggs cell and due to this progeny of such male sterile plants would always be male sterile. The expression of such orfs can, in turn, result in the phenotype of male sterility, the inability of the plant to produce functional male gametes pollen. Crop science abstract genetic of fertility restoration of wa type cytoplasmic male sterility in rice view my binders. This male sterility is controlled by the interaction of cytoplasm and nuclear genes. Using linkage analysis in combination with 6,104 bc1f3 progeny derived from a cross between two nearisogenic. Especially elite indica cultivars ir24 and ir64 are known to be restorer lines for wacms lines, and are used as male parents for hybrid seed. The fertility restorer gene,r, is generally dominant and is found in certain strain of the species or may be tranfered from related species. Molecular mapping of the fertilityrestoration gene rf4 for wa cytoplasmic male sterility in rice.
Characterization and use of male sterility in hybrid rice. Cytoplasmic male sterility can be restored by the restorer of fertility rf gene in. Pdf cytoplasmic male sterility cms and nucleuscontrolled fertility restoration are widespread plant reproductive features that provide useful tools. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms in hybrid breeding in field. Dec 22, 2015 cytoplasmic genetic male sterility this is a case of cytoplasmic male sterility, for which a nuclear gene for restoring fertility in male sterile line is known. Pdf characterization of maintainer and restorer lines. Cms may be caused by mutations, rearrangement or recombination in the mitochondrial genome. We examined hybrid fertility between subspecies of the. Amount of 32 crosses were planted and grew in rice fi eld.
Cytoplasmic male sterility of rice with boro ii cytoplasm is caused by a cytotoxic peptide and is restored by two related ppr motif genes via distinct modes of mrna silencing. Identification of genes potentially associated with the. Construction of a male sterility system for hybrid rice. Male sterility and fertility restoration in crops annual. Zhonghua wang,a,1 yanjiao zou,a,1 xiaoyu li,a,2 qunyu zhang,a 2 letian chen,a hao wu,a dihua su,a. In this study, a set of rice alloplasmic sporophytic cms lines was obtained by successive backcrossing of meixiang b, with three different cytoplasmic types. Origins of rice cytoplasmic male sterility genes cell research. Suppressed expression of retrograderegulated male sterility. Cytoplasmic genetic male sterility cgms whenpollen sterility is controlled by both cytoplasmic and nuclear genes is known as cgms. Various types of cytoplasmic male sterility cms and environmentconditioned genic male sterility egms. Blast basic local alignment search tool analysis indicated that lsp1, a new. Cytoplasmicnuclear male sterility cms, a potential system for economical hybrid seeds. Cmsrestoration systems in rice have been widely used for hybrid seed. The rice restorer rf4 for wildabortive cytoplasmic male.
The thermosensitive genetic male sterility tgms system is considered to be a more efficient alternative to the cytoplasmic male sterility cms system for hybrid rice. Cms is generally caused by aberrant mitochondrial genes that are often chimeric in structure and frequently cotranscribed with conventional mitochondrial genes hanson and bentolila, 2004. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms, encoded by the mitochondrion in all known cases, results in defective pollen development. Hybrid rice includes threeline and twoline hybrid rice that is developed via cytoplasmic male sterility and photothermosensitive male sterility. Includes information about the cause of the mutation, its biological. Male sterile cytoplasm plays an important role in hybrid rice, and cytoplasmic effects are sufficiently documented. The zygote carries equal number of chromosomes from both male. The occurrence of plants that lost their ability to produce viable pollen grains is frequent in hermaphroditic angiosperm species. In rice, approximately 99% of f1 hybrid cultivars have been developed using a wild abortive type. Cytoplasmic male sterility of rice with boro ii cytoplasm is caused by a cytotoxic peptide and is restored by two related ppr motif genes via distinct modes of mrna silencing w. Male sterility cytoplasmic male sterility wild rice pearl millet fertility restoration. Here, we show in rice oryza sativa with boro ii cytoplasm that an abnormal mitochondrial open reading. May 30, 2017 extra credit assignment for plb 112 in which we hannah contois and amber tepe explain cytoplasmic male sterility.
Cytoplasmic male sterility of rice with boro ii cytoplasm is caused by a cytotoxic peptide and is restored by two related ppr motif genes via distinct modes of mrna silencing w zhonghua wang,a,1 yanjiao zou,a,1 xiaoyu li,a,2 qunyu zhang,a 2 letian chen,a hao wu,a dihua su,a. Compared to the amount of research reported on nuclear effects, the cytoplasmic effect on important agronomic traits in rice. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms in plants is a maternally inherited inability to produce functional pollen. Cytoplasmicnuclear genomic barriers in rice pollen. The wild abortive cms cmswa, a wellknown cms type, has been successfully applied in the commercial production of hybrid rice seeds for more than 40 years. The distances from rf4 to the two closest sslp markers, rm171 osr33 and rm228 were 3. Apr 30, 2015 cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a maternally inherited inability to produce functional pollen found in numerous flowering plant species. As this is usually due to factors coded by the mitochondrial genome, this phenomenon is called cytoplasmic male sterility cms. Observations were made on spikelet fertility, 50% fl owering. Cytoplasmic male sterility an overview sciencedirect topics.
Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips. Here, we show in rice oryza sativa with boro ii cytoplasm that an abnormal mitochondrial open reading frame, orf79, is cotranscribed with a duplicated atp6 b atp6 gene and encodes a cytotoxic peptide. However, no reports are available on dna methylation affected by male sterile. In this article we will discuss about the molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility in nature. Understanding the mitochondrial genome is often the first and key step in unraveling the molecular and genetic basis of cms in plants. Alternative cytoplasmic male sterility systems in sorghum. Hybrid rice, which was adopted in the 1970s, now covers nearly. Molecular mapping of a thermosensitive genetic male.
Has cms evolution indeed involved enhancement of protogenes malesterility functions. Cms is a maternally inherited trait, and is often associated with the unusual orfs found in mitochondrial genomes hanson and bentolila, 2004. The combination of cytoplasmic male sterility cms in one parent and a restorer gene rf to restore fertility in another are indispensable for the development of hybrid varieties. A detrimental mitochondrialnuclear interaction causes cytoplasmic male sterility in rice luo, d. The radish rfo restorer gene of ogura cytoplasmic male. Such cmsrf systems have been successfully used for breedings of f1 hybrid cultivars. Cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration. Rice, being a selfpollinating crop, must involve use of an effective male sterility system to develop and produce f 1 hybrid varieties. The cms line is unable to produce functional pollens, but. Cgms was first discovered by jones and davis 1944 in onion. Cms systems represent a valuable tool in the production of hybrid seed in selfpollinating crop species, including maize, rice, cotton, and a number of vegetable crops.
Male sterile plants reduce the labor required to make hybrids, but they can cause problems for seed savers because the plants are male sterile in all succeeding generations. Stype cytoplasmic male sterility cmss is the largest group among the three major types of cms in maize. Cytoplasmic male sterility cytoplasmic male sterility is governed by cytoplasmic factors. The paper documents a range of functionality among. Comparative transcriptome analysis indicates that a core. In order to transfer cytoplasmic male sterility cms of an indica rice, chinsurah boro ii cbii, to a major japonica variety, nipponbare, iodoacetamide inactivated nipponbare protoplasts were. Mitochondrial comparative proteomic analysis of sterile. Molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility genetics. Zihan liu, sha li, wei li, qi liu, lingli zhang and xiyue song abstract background.
Development of hybrid cultivars is essential to maximize the yield potential of the species, and cytoplasmic male sterility cms is an important breeding tool that can facilitate this process. To detect cytoplasmic effects, we introgressed the nuclear genomes of three indica cultivars guichao 2, jiangchengkugu, and dianrui 449 into the cytoplasms of six. Dcw11, downregulated gene 11 in cwtype cytoplasmic male sterile rice, encoding mitochondrial protein phosphatase 2c is related to cytoplasmic male sterility. A narrow genetic base and insufficient numbers of parental lines are major constraints in the development of locationspecific hybrid rice varieties. Here, we show in rice oryza sativa with boro ii cytoplasm that an abnormal. Gene, protein, and network of male sterility in rice plant. Cytoplasmic male sterility is total or partial male sterility in plants as the result of specific nuclear and mitochondrial interactions. Integrated analysis of transcriptome and proteome changes. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is caused by sterility genes in the cytoplasm which lead to the abnormal stamen and incompatible pollen. Pdf cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a maternally inherited characteristic. Extra credit assignment for plb 112 in which we hannah contois and amber tepe explain cytoplasmic male sterility. Molecular mechanism of cytoplasmicallyencoded male sterility.
It shows nonmendelian inheritance, with male sterility inherited maternally. Cms systems represent a valuable tool in the production of hybrid seed in selfpollinating crop species, including maize, rice, cotton, and a number of. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms and nucleuscontrolled fertility restoration are. Expression of orf79 in cms lines and transgenic rice plants caused gametophytic male sterility.
Shr sarocladium oryzae infection was severe in plants with poorly exserted panicles and this was attributed to the presence of halfopened leaf sheaths. Cytoplasmic male sterility of rice with boro ii cytoplasm is caused by a cytotoxic peptide and is restored by two related ppr motif genes. Important genetic resources to harness heterosis in crop production hybrid vigor, or heterosis, refers to the phenomenon in which the progeny derived from a cross of two inbred lines outperform the parent lines. Mapping fertilityrestoring genes of rice wa cytoplasmic male. The rice restorer rf4 for wildabortive cytoplasmic male sterility encodes a mitochondriallocalized ppr protein that functions in reduction of wa352 transcripts. Male sterility was discovered in two fullsib russian dandelion families, and additional crosses were performed to create f 2, f 3, and backcross. Development of cytoplasmic male sterile lines and restorer lines of.
Cms is conditioned by gainoffunction mitochondrial genome mutations, giving rise to novel mitochondrial proteins and facilitating the use of cms in hybrid crop seed production. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this kind of cytoplasmic. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is the maternally inherited inability of a plant to produce or shed viable pollen. Such cytoplasmic for its mode of inheritance male sterility, or cms, is a very widespread trait in higher plants. In many cases, specific dominant nuclear genes termed restorers of fertility rf have been identified that can suppress the male. Training manual on development of cultivars and seed production techniques in. Two backcross inbred line bil populations derived from either xieqingzao b xbxbdongxiang wild rice dwr xxd or xbdwrxb xdx were used to detect quantitative trait loci qtls for fertility restoration of dwarf wild abortive da. Sota fujii, mari yamada, masahiro fujita, etsuko itabashi, kazuki hamada, kentaro yano, nori kurata, kinya toriyama, cytoplasmicnuclear genomic barriers in rice pollen development revealed by comparison of global gene expression profiles among five independent cytoplasmic male sterile lines, plant and cell physiology, volume 51, issue 4. We have previously reported that cwcms were effective for breeding cms lines of indica group rice cultivars, ir 24 and ir 64. An f 2 population from a cross between a tgms mutant line ir32364tgms and ir68 was used to map the tgms gene tms3t. This experiment was executed to evaluate some crosses resulted anther culture seed and cytoplasmic male sterile as potential restorers. Hybrid rice breeding using cytoplasmic male sterility fertility restoration cms rf systems plays an important role in ensuring global food security. It contributes to the increase of the grain yield of over 20% to the improved inbred rice varieties.
Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is an ideal model for investigating the mitochondrialnuclear interaction and downregulated genes in cms lines which might be the candidate genes for pollen development in rice. Harnessing hybrid vigor or heterosis is a promising approach to tackle the current challenge of sustaining enhanced yield gains of field crops. Cms systems represent a valuable tool in the production of hybrid seed in self pollinating crop species, including maize, rice, cotton, and a number of vegetable. Uncontrolled expression of a certain mitochondrial gene often causes cytoplasmic male sterility cms in plants. A wildabortivetype wa cytoplasmic male sterility cms has been. Molecular characterization and application of a novel.
Genetic analysis of male sterility obtained from a rice cultivar lebed. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a maternally inherited trait that results in an inability to produce functional pollen, caused by incompatibility between nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Jihong hu, guanglong chen, hongyuan zhang, qian qian and yi ding abstract background. The pollen abortion factor is believed to be present within the pollen grains in gametophytic cytoplasmic male sterile cms lines, while in sporophytic cms lines pollen abortion occurs due to the.
In cotton, all three types of male steriles are found. Research on direct effects of rice cytoplasm has mostly been a quest for cytoplasmic male sterility cms and fertility restoration genes. Exploration of cms in the production of male sterile lines eliminates hand emasculation. This phenotype is prevented by the presence of a fertility restorer rf gene in the nuclear genome. In many instances, male sterility can be recovered by nuclearencoded restorer of fertility rf.
Transcript levels of orf288 are associated with the hau. We report here the pyramiding of three genes xa5, xa,andxa21inmaintainerlinesco2b,co23b,andco24bofthreepromisingwild abortive cytoplasmic male sterile lines co 2a, co 23a, and co 24a through functional. Because the most reliable system of f1 seed production is based on cytoplasmic male sterility cms. Cytoplasmic male sterility and mitochondrial metabolism in. Crop science abstract genetic of fertility restoration of. Comparative transcript profiling of alloplasmic malesterile.
The obstacle to utilize this technique to improve selfpollinated crops is the difficulty to make random crossing for the recombina tion. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is an ideal model for investigating the mitochondrialnuclear. In crosses between evolutionarily diverged populations, genomic incompatibilities may result in sterile hybrids, indicating evolution of reproductive isolation. Mitochondrial orf79 levels determine pollen abortion in.
Nuclear male sterility is common in flowering plants, but its application in hybrid breeding and seed production is limited because of the inability to propagate a pure male sterile line for commercial hybrid seed production. In brassica juncea, orf288 has been identified as a cmsassociated gene in the hau cms line. A fertility restorer gene, rf4, widely used for hybrid rice. The rice restorer rf4 for wildabortive cytoplasmic male sterility encodes a mitochondriallocalized ppr protein that functions in reduction of wa352 transcripts dear editor, cytoplasmic male sterility cms, the failure to produce functional male gametes, is widespread in flowering plants kaul, 1988.
Their pollen abortion pattern is different cytohistologically. Many indica cultivars are known to carry restorer genes for wacms lines and cannot be used as maintainer lines. Cytoplasmic male sterility can be restored by the restorer of fertility rf gene in the nucleus. Plants that fail to produce functional pollen grains are male sterile. Brassicaceae crops display strong hybrid vigor, and have long been subject to f1 hybrid breeding. The restoring allele rf1, also called the dominant one in some documents. Cmss exhibits fertility instability as a partial fertility restoration in a specific nuclear genetic background, which impedes its commercial application in hybrid breeding programs. Such cms rf systems have been successfully used for breedings of f. Cms is a condition where plant is unable to produce functional pollen. Recurrent selection by using genetic male sterility for rice. Pdf cytoplasmic male sterility of rice with boro ii cytoplasm is. We have found a rice rf1 gene that restores bttype cms by applying a positional cloning strategy. Cyto sterility systems in rice are known to be gametophytic or sporophytic in nature. Cms is associated with mitochondrial dna mutation, novel chimeric open reading frames orfs, and rearrangement of coding and noncoding regions of the mitochondrial genome.
Pdf cytoplasmic male sterility in brassicaceae crops. Rice with ldtype cytoplasmic male sterility cms possesses the cytoplasm of lead rice and its fertility is recovered by a nuclear fertility rf1 promotes processing of a cmsassociated mitochondrial rna of atp6orf79, which consists of atp6 and orf79, in btcms with the cytoplasm of chinsurah boro ii. In fertilization process, zygote is formed by the fusion of egg cell and one male gamete. Cytoplasmic male sterility of rice with boro ii cytoplasm. In several plant families, crosses within a population can also lead to male sterile progeny because of conflict between the maternally and biparentally inherited genomes. Here, we characterized a rice nuclear gene essential for sporophytic male fertility and constructed a male sterility system that can propagate the pure male sterile seeds.
Natural suppressors of cms, called restorers of fertility rf, are found in the nucleus and have the ability to restore the production of pollen to plants carrying the deleterious mitochondrial cmsassociated gene. Male sterility is the failure of plants to produce functional anthers, pollen, or male gametes. Comparative analysis of mitochondrial genomes between the hau. Sota fujii, mari yamada, masahiro fujita, etsuko itabashi, kazuki hamada, kentaro yano, nori kurata, kinya toriyama, cytoplasmic nuclear genomic barriers in rice pollen development revealed by comparison of global gene expression profiles among five independent cytoplasmic male sterile lines, plant and cell physiology, volume 51, issue 4. Cytoplasmic male sterility of rice with boro ii cytoplasm is caused by a. The pollen sterility which is controlled by cytoplasmic genes is known as cytoplasmic male sterility cms.
Cytoplasmic male sterility summary modern commercial seeds are commonly grown using plants with cytoplasmic male sterility cms. In the context, cytoplasmic male sterility cms owing to its heritable nature to manifest nonfunctional male gametophyte remains a costeffective system to promote efficient hybrid seed production. Major male sterility systems used for hybrid rice breeding in china and elsewhere are cytoplasmic genetic and chemically induced male sterility. Pdf the genetic and molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility. Dna methylation affected by male sterile cytoplasm in rice. Cytoplasmic male sterility in russian dandelion in. Apr 08, 2014 contents introduction manifestations of male sterility more prevalent than female sterility classification genetic male sterility cytoplasmic male sterility in maize fertility restoration in maize chemically induced male sterility applications significance in plant breeding references 3. Malesterile plants to the extent of 25% were observed in the f 2 generation of the. Help with pdf files supplemental figures, tables, and appendices. Hybrid rice technology is considered as one of the promising options to increase rice yield. Cytoplasm affects grain weight and filledgrain ratio in. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms has been noticed over 150 plant species.
We have studied 4 wild abortive wa cytoplasmic male sterile cms lines and 45 pollen parents of. A detrimental mitochondrialnuclear interaction causes. Everything you need to know about selfincompatibility and male sterility in plants. Construction of a male sterility system for hybrid rice breeding and seed production using a nuclear male sterility gene zhenyi chang a,1, zhufeng chen, na wanga,1, gang xie a, jiawei lu, wei yanb, junli zhoua, xiaoyan tanga,b,2, and xing wang denga,c,d,2 ashenzhen institute of molecular crop design, shenzhen 518107, china. Crystal structure of wa352 provides insight into cytoplasmic. Production of cytoplasmic male sterile rice oryza sativa. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is primarily caused by chimeric genes located in the mitochondrial genomes. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms plays a crucial role in the utilization of heterosis and various types of cms often have different abortion mechanisms. For example, the use of hybrid rice enabled china to reduce the total amount of. Pdf cytoplasmic male sterility of rice with boro ii. Aug, 2014 the exploitation of male sterility systems has enabled the commercialization of heterosis in rice, with greatly increased yield and total production of this major staple food crop. The fertility instability phenomenon of cmss is controlled by several minor quantitative trait locus. Furthermore, it will enrich the diversity of the cytoplasmic genetic resource of rice, which can avoid the reduction of output caused by rice diseases and insect pests because.
In plants, male sterility can be caused either by mitochondrial genes with coupled nuclear genes or by nuclear genes alone. The initial discovery of cytoplasmic male sterile cms threeline system made it possible to produce hybrids that significantly increase rice. Cms and gms facilitate hybrid seed production for many crops and thus allow breeders to harness yield gains associated with hybrid vigor heterosis. In case of pgms, expression of ms gene is drastically affected by the prevailing photoperiod, provided the temperature is within a critical range e. Nov 16, 2010 cytoplasmic male sterility cms occurs widely in higher plants, and results in failure to produce functional pollen grains or stamens. Markerassisted backcrossing to develop an elite cytoplasmic male sterility line in rice asadollah ahmadikhah, mehdi mirarab, mohammad hadi pahlevani, and leila nayyeripasand abstract cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a cornerstone of hybrid pro duction in many crops. A wildabortivetype wa cytoplasmic male sterility cms has been almost exclusively used for breeding threeline hybrid rice. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a widespread, maternally inherited trait of plants that results from the expression of novel, often chimeric genes located in the mitochondrial genome schnable and wise, 1998. Cytoplasmic effects on agronomic traits involving cytoplasmic and nuclear genomes of either different species or different cultivars are well documented in wheat but have seldom been demonstrated in rice oryza sativa l. The pollen sterility that is caused by nuclear genes is.
Alternative cytoplasmic male sterility systems in sorghum and. Plant cytoplasmic male sterility cms is an important phenomenon and is widely utilized in hybrid crop breeding. Jun 09, 2009 suppressed expression of retrograderegulated male sterility restores pollen fertility in cytoplasmic male sterile rice plants sota fujii and kinya toriyama 1 laboratory of environmental biotechnology, graduate school of agricultural science, tohoku university, 11 tsutumidoriamamiyamachi, aobaku, sendai 9818555, japan. Cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration plant cell. Recurrent selection by using genetic male sterility recunent selection is a breeding system aiming at increasing the frequency of desira ble genes and genotypes in a plant popula tion. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms, a condition under which a plant is unable to. To explore new cytoplasmic male sterile lines in rice, we produced many. Apr 30, 2014 cytoplasmic male sterility cms is not only important for exploiting heterosis in crop plants, but also as a model for investigating nuclearcytoplasmic interaction. We therefore characterized the hau cms line, and found that defective. In sorghum, stephen and holland 1954 discovered cytoplasmic male sterility cms designated as milo cytoplasm in the progenies of a cross between two cultivars, milo and combine ka.
Cytoplasmic male sterility of rice with boro ii cytoplasm is caused. A mitochondriatargeted ppr protein restores pol cytoplasmic. Candidate gene selection for cytoplasmic male sterility in. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this kind of cytoplasmic nuclear interaction remains unclear. Development of cytoplasmic male sterile ir24 and ir64. Especially elite indica cultivars ir24 and ir64 are known to be restorer lines for wacms lines, and are used as male parents for hybrid seed production. Cytoplasmic male sterility article about cytoplasmic male. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms, a condition under which a plant is unable to produce functional pollen, is widespread among higher plants. Cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration ncbi. Characterization of cytoplasmic male sterility of rice. All fertile progeny had wellexserted panicles while plants with poorly exserted panicles were sterile. Male sterility systems for hybrid rice breeding springerlink.
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